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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*be.lface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"a k. of salmon (Salmo taimen)face="Times New Roman Star"âèä ëîñîñÿ


face="Times New Roman Star"bil







face="Times New Roman Star"bel

face="Times New Roman Star"bil
face="Times New Roman Star"bel










face="Times New Roman Star"Ëåêñèêà 179.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kar/ylgan / *Karlyganface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"currantface="Times New Roman Star"ñìîðîäèíà


face="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|an






face="Times New Roman Star"qazyrg|an, qazyr qat (Âåðá.)face="Times New Roman Star"qazylg|an
face="Times New Roman Star"xorlúg|an

face="Times New Roman Star"qazylg|anface="Times New Roman Star"qazylg|an

face="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|anface="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|an (dial.)





face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 309-310, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 367.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAr(a)guface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"reedface="Times New Roman Star"òðîñòíèê
face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|u (AH)face="Times New Roman Star"karg|y
face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|u (AH), g|arqu (Áîð. Áàä.), g|araw (Pav. C., Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"g|o|ro|w

face="Times New Roman Star"Garg|yface="Times New Roman Star"GarGy


face="Times New Roman Star"Garg|oface="Times New Roman Star"xorg|ux 'îñîò ïîëåâîé, ìîëî÷àé' ( < *Korgag|u with secondary -x; Àøì. XVI, 194: xur xuxi, xur xuxxi, xor xúvúx)













face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 306.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAramukface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"cockleface="Times New Roman Star"êóêîëü
face="Times New Roman Star"qaramuq (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"dial. karamukface="Times New Roman Star"qaramyq (Sib.)face="Times New Roman Star"qaramuq (Pav. C., MA)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|re|mug|face="Times New Roman Star"qarimuq











face="Times New Roman Star"qaramyqface="Times New Roman Star"qaramyq




face="Times New Roman Star"qaramyq
face="Times New Roman Star"qaramc?yqface="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 296-297.
face="Times New Roman Star"*je.linface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"udderface="Times New Roman Star"âûìÿ
face="Times New Roman Star"jelin (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jelinface="Times New Roman Star"z?|ilenface="Times New Roman Star"jelin (R., Áóä.), jilin (AH)
face="Times New Roman Star"jelin, jilim, z?ilim
face="Times New Roman Star"jelinface="Times New Roman Star"jelin

face="Times New Roman Star"jelin, d/eli
face="Times New Roman Star"s/il@face="Times New Roman Star"silin


face="Times New Roman Star"z?|elinface="Times New Roman Star"z?elinface="Times New Roman Star"jelinface="Times New Roman Star"jelenface="Times New Roman Star"jelin, z?|elin, z?elinface="Times New Roman Star"jelin
face="Times New Roman Star"z?elin
face="Times New Roman Star"jelinface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 930, ÝÑÒß 4, 180-181, Ëåêñèêà 148.
face="Times New Roman Star"*byn/anface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"a k. of grassface="Times New Roman Star"ñîëîäêà, ëåáåäà

face="Times New Roman Star"bojan, mejanface="Times New Roman Star"dial. myjaface="Times New Roman Star"bijan, CCum. bujanface="Times New Roman Star"mijaface="Times New Roman Star"buja
face="Times New Roman Star"bijanface="Times New Roman Star"bujan



face="Times New Roman Star"mújan



face="Times New Roman Star"myjaface="Times New Roman Star"myjaface="Times New Roman Star"myja



face="Times New Roman Star"bojan
face="Times New Roman Star"mijaface="Times New Roman Star"Åãîðîâ 131. Turk. > Kalm. buja: 'ëåáåäà', Russ. Siber. bojalyc? 'ñîëÿíêà äðåâîâèäíàÿ' Àíèêèí 125.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr-ba:ka / *Kur-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 toad 2 frogface="Times New Roman Star"1 æàáà 2 ëÿãóøêà
face="Times New Roman Star"qur-baqa (MK) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr-baqa 1face="Times New Roman Star"qur-bag|a 1



face="Times New Roman Star"Gur-ba:Ga 2








face="Times New Roman Star"qur-baqa 1face="Times New Roman Star"qur-baqa 2







face="Times New Roman Star"Ëåêñèêà 180.
face="Times New Roman Star"*su"gsu"nface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"napeface="Times New Roman Star"çàòûëîêface="Times New Roman Star"su"sgu"n (OUygh.) 'backside, rump'
face="Times New Roman Star"su"gsu"n, su"jsu"n (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) su"ksu"n (AH)


face="Times New Roman Star"su"jsu"n


face="Times New Roman Star"su"skenek















face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 856, Ëåêñèêà 234-235, ÝÑÒß 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*a.nkajface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"young of ungulates (less than 1-year-old)face="Times New Roman Star"äåòåíûø êîïûòíûõ æèâîòíûõ (äî ãîäà)











face="Times New Roman Star"anaj

face="Times New Roman Star"yn|a:x 'young of ungulates and bears'
face="Times New Roman Star"anaj, Todzh. a'najface="Times New Roman Star"anhaj









face="Times New Roman Star"Ðàññàäèí 154.
face="Times New Roman Star"*be.r/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to shiver, tremble; to hate, be bored, feel aversionface="Times New Roman Star"äðîæàòü; íåíàâèäåòü, ñêó÷àòü, ÷óâñòâîâàòü îòâðàùåíèåface="Times New Roman Star"bez- (Orkh.)face="Times New Roman Star"bez- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"bez-face="Times New Roman Star"biz-face="Times New Roman Star"bez- (Qutb, CCum.)face="Times New Roman Star"bez-face="Times New Roman Star"ba"z-
face="Times New Roman Star"bez-, bezik-face="Times New Roman Star"bezik-




face="Times New Roman Star"biski:-


face="Times New Roman Star"bez-face="Times New Roman Star"bez-face="Times New Roman Star"bez-face="Times New Roman Star"bid|-face="Times New Roman Star"bez-
face="Times New Roman Star"bez-face="Times New Roman Star"bez-
face="Times New Roman Star"bez-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 389, ÝÑÒß 2, 103-105, TMN 2, 387, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 172 (?-e:.-, -e>-).
face="Times New Roman Star"*o":ku"face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"hole in iceface="Times New Roman Star"ïîëûíüÿ

face="Times New Roman Star"o"g|u"
face="Times New Roman Star"o"ku"



face="Times New Roman Star"o"ju"



face="Times New Roman Star"vagú




face="Times New Roman Star"u"ki




face="Times New Roman Star"u"ki

face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 517, VEWT 370.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ku"bru"gface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"drumface="Times New Roman Star"áàðàáàíface="Times New Roman Star"ku"bru"g (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ku"vru"g (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kewru"g (Osm.)
face="Times New Roman Star"(Xwar.) ku"wru" (Qutb), ku"vru"g (IM)























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 690-691.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:pface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 caul 2 virgin's hymen 3 scrotum 4 bladder 5 afterbirthface="Times New Roman Star"1 îáîëî÷êà ïëîäà 2 äåâñòâåííàÿ ïëåâà 3 ìîøîíêà 4 ïóçûðü 5 ïîñëåä
face="Times New Roman Star"qap (MK) 1, qapaq (MK) 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qapc?yq 3, 4






face="Times New Roman Star"qabyc?aq 1face="Times New Roman Star"qapc?yq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pc?ek 5

face="Times New Roman Star"xapc?yq 3










face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 578, 583; ÝÑÒß 5, 266-267 (the root should be probably distinguished from the homonymous *Ka:p 'sack, cover' q. v. sub *k[a:]p`a/).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Eltiriface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"skin of kid or lambface="Times New Roman Star"øêóðà êîçëåíêà èëè ÿãíåíêà, êàðàêóëü
face="Times New Roman Star"elri, eldiri (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"elteri (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"ilti>rface="Times New Roman Star"eltirik (IM)
face="Times New Roman Star"a"ltera"

face="Times New Roman Star"elteri, elter (dial.)









face="Times New Roman Star"elti>ri>face="Times New Roman Star"eltiriface="Times New Roman Star"ilti>rface="Times New Roman Star"elti>ri>, eltir

face="Times New Roman Star"eltiri
face="Times New Roman Star"eltirface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 135, ÝÑÒß 1, 269-270.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ernegface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"edge (of a dish)face="Times New Roman Star"êðàé, êðîìêà (ïîñóäû)

face="Times New Roman Star"ernek (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"irna"wface="Times New Roman Star"ernek (Pav. C.)



face="Times New Roman Star"ern|ek








face="Times New Roman Star"erdo":face="Times New Roman Star"ernew
face="Times New Roman Star"irne- 'to border'


face="Times New Roman Star"ernek

face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 301. The root is attested late and may be theoretically derived from *Erin 'lip' (v. sub *i_a>\re/); however, the latter can also mean 'edge (of a dish)' in some languages and one can suspect that PT actually merged *Erin 'lip' and *Erin 'edge', while the form *Erneg was derived only from the latter.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jabl/anface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"wormwoodface="Times New Roman Star"ïîëûíü
face="Times New Roman Star"japc?an, javc?an (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"jaws?an



face="Times New Roman Star"jovs?an






face="Times New Roman Star"c?as?pan










face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 4, 53-55, EDT 872.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"mekface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"helpface="Times New Roman Star"ïîìîùü

face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mekface="Times New Roman Star"ku"me|k 'collective, many people'face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mek (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"ku.me|kface="Times New Roman Star"ko"me|k
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ma"kface="Times New Roman Star"ko"mek


face="Times New Roman Star"ko"me|k, keme|k
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mo"face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mo"

face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mo"k
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mekface="Times New Roman Star"ku"me|k 'collective, many people'




face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mekface="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 98-99, Stachowski 156.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sogut / *soktuface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"stuffed guts, sausageface="Times New Roman Star"íàáèòûå âíóòðåííîñòè, êîëáàñà
face="Times New Roman Star"sog|ut, soqtu (MK)














face="Times New Roman Star"su:k-xan
face="Times New Roman Star"soqtoface="Times New Roman Star"soqta







face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 806.
face="Times New Roman Star"*be:.ken-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to feel joy, appreciate 2 to strive, hopeface="Times New Roman Star"1 ðàäîâàòüñÿ, áûòü áëàãîäàðíûì 2 ñòðåìèòüñÿ, íàäåÿòüñÿ
face="Times New Roman Star"biken- 1face="Times New Roman Star"beg|en- 1




face="Times New Roman Star"ba"ja"n- 1face="Times New Roman Star"begen- 1



face="Times New Roman Star"pigen- 2



face="Times New Roman Star"beku": 'big joy, feast'








face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 2, 101.
face="Times New Roman Star"*(j)ip-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"violet-coloured, purpleface="Times New Roman Star"ôèîëåòîâûé, áîðäîâûéface="Times New Roman Star"jipin, jipginface="Times New Roman Star"jipkil (MK)











face="Times New Roman Star"j@w|pk@w|n 'deep-coloured'

face="Times New Roman Star"o"kpen|






face="Times New Roman Star"ipkin


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 877, 874, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 197.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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